Synthesis and Application of Single-Crystal Nickel-Rich Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries/锂离子电池单晶富镍材料合成与应用

In 1970, M. S. Whittingham constructed the first lithium-ion battery using titanium disulfide and lithium as the basic materials. It can also be referred to simply as a lithium battery. It has now been over 50 years since the development of the lithium-ion battery. A lithium-ion (Li) battery is a type of rechargeable battery that operates primarily through the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. During charge and discharge, lithium ions are intercalated and deintercalated as they move back and forth between the two electrodes: during charging, Li ions deintercalate from the positive electrode, pass through the electrolyte, and intercalate into the negative electrode, leaving the negative electrode in a lithium-rich state; the reverse occurs during discharging. A lithium-ion battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator. Based on their form factor, lithium-ion batteries can be divided into three major categories: pouch cells, prismatic cells, and cylindrical cells. In 1991, Sony Corporation took the lead in commercializing lithium-ion batteries, which were then widely used in portable devices. Entering the 21st century, with the rise of smartphones, electric vehicles, and other fields, the demand for lithium-ion batteries has surged. The New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035) issued by the State Council also explicitly set the goal of implementing a battery technology breakthrough initiative to promote the development of the full value chain of power lithium batteries.

1970年,M.S.Whittingham首次以硫化钛和锂为基本材料构建了锂离子电池，也可以简称为锂电池，锂离子电池的发展至今已有50多年。锂离子(Li)电池是一种可充电电池，它主要依靠锂离子在正极和负极之间移动来工作。在充放电过程中，L过在两个电极之间往返嵌入和脱嵌:充电时，Li 从正极脱嵌，经过电解质嵌入负极，负极处于富锂状态;放电时则相反。锂离子电池主要由正极、负极、电解液和隔膜等组成。根据外形，锂离子电池可以分为软包锂离子、方形锂离子、圆柱形锂离子电池3大类。1991年，索尼公司率先实现了锂离子电池的商业化，广泛应用于便携设备。进入21世纪，随着智能手机、电动车等领域的兴起，锂离子电池的需求量激增，国务院发布的《新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021一2035年)》中,也明确提出了实施电池技术突破行动的目标，以推动动力锂电池全价值链发展。