Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Debate

About the Author

Dr. Sanjay Kumar is the author of the following recent publications:

Additive Manufacturing Processes, 2020, Springer
Additive Manufacturing Solutions, 2021, Springer
Additive Manufacturing Classification, 2022, Springer
Additive Manufacturing Advantage, 2023, Springer
A New Theory of Additive Manufacturing, 2024, Springer
A Concise Encyclopedia of Additive Manufacturing, 2025, Springer
A New H-index, 2025, Scholarly Dialogues Press
Additive Manufacturing Debate: A Thought Experiment, 2025, Scholarly Dialogues Press

About the Book

The title 'Hybrid additive manufacturing debate' implies that the conversations are only about hybrid AM (HAM), but this is how it started. Therefore, the first section, i.e., Dialogue 1, is named Hybrid AM. After that, the conversations involved several questions that are not confined only to HAM. Some of the questions are related to the following: the role of post-processing, how much post-processing converts AM into HAM, the difference between simple and complex parts, how to define a complex part, which parts should be preferred in AM, which particular problem defines AM, how AM is different from other techniques, why simple parts should not be fabricated using AM, how the boundary between AM and HAM can be defined, what is the role of AM in shaping, what is shaping, what is the role of manufacturing, is there any difference between AM and an AM process, is AM near-net-shaping technology, is a part sustainable, etc.

The conversations, heated exchanges, arguments, counter-arguments, examples, counter-examples, agreement, and disagreement led to a conclusion. The conclusion is that a structural framework is needed-one that defines the external and internal boundaries of AM. The external boundary is to distinguish AM from HAM; the internal one, simple shapes from complex shapes.

The framework titled 'Twin-boundary framework for AM' is presented in Part 2. The framework has two boundaries or pillars. Dialogue 6 informs about it. Dialogue 7 gives its general description. Dialogues 8 & 9 give detailed descriptions of the first and the second boundary, respectively. The conversations that led the framework are given in Part 1. Dialogue 2 deals with the meaning of shaping. Dialogue 3 tries to reason why AM should be treated differently from other techniques. Dialogue 4 discusses why simple AM parts should not be made and when they should be made. Dialogue 5 reasons the same from a sustainability perspective.